The forerunners of philosophical cosmogony -- The naive view of the world -- Okeanos -- Night -- Orphic cosmogonies -- The Hesiodic cosmogony, and the separation of sky and earth -- "Mixed" theogonies: Alcan, Pherecydes -- Toward philosophy -- The Ionian thinkers. Thales of Miletus -- Anaximander of Miletus -- Anaximenes of Miletus -- Xenophanes of Colophon -- Heraclitus of Ephesus -- Philosophy in the west. Pythagoras of Samos -- Parmenides of Elea -- Zeno of Elea -- Empedocles of Acragas -- Philolaus of Croton and fifth-century Pythagoreanism -- The Ionian response. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae -- Archelaus of Athens -- Melissus of Samos -- The Atomists: Leucippus of Miletus and Democritus of Abdera -- Diogenmes of Apollonia.
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