Introduction: the dawning problem of death -- Ancient Egypt: man's first confrontation with conscience -- Ancient Mesopotamia: 'who is now an evildoer?' -- Hebrew religion: judgment as divine vindication -- Graeco-Roman culture: the problem of a non-theistic judgment of the dead -- Christianity: the problem of relating a saviour god to Jewish eschatology -- Islam: judgment or predestination -- Iran: man's moral involvement in a cosmic struggle -- Hinduism and Buddhism: karma as judgment -- china: the judgment of the dead bureaucratically organized -- Japan: the concept of judgment from an imported eschatology.
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