Disc 1. The idea and place of Europe ; Feudalism and the Medieval world ; The three orders of Medieval society ; The manorial economy ; The growth of trade and towns ; Humanism and the Italian Renaissance -- Disc 2. Crisis in the Church ; Christian humanism ; The Ottoman threat to Europe ; The expansion of Europe ; The Continental Reformation : Luther ; The Continental Reformation : Calvin.
Disc 3. The wars of religion ; The English reformation ; The English Civil War ; The Thirty Years' War ; The absolute monarchy ; The Scientific Revolution -- Disc 4. The Enlightenment : part 1 ; The Enlightenment : part 2 ; France in 1789 ; The French Revolution ; The age of Napoleon ; The Congress of Vienna.
Disc 5. The Industrial Revolution ; The industrial working class ; Capitalism and European society ; The middle class ; Liberals and liberalism ; Liberal government -- Disc 6. Science and progress ; 19th-century optimism ; Nationalism and 1848 ; The unifications of Germany and Italy ; Darwin and Darwinism ; Social Darwinism.
Disc 7. Socialism and Utopianism ; Marx and Marxism ; Reactions to rationalism ; Fin de Siècle ; World War I ; The Treaty of Versailles -- Disc 8. The disintegration of the established order ; The Bolshevik Revolution ; Fascism in Italy ; The Nazi regime in Germany ; Europe between the wars ; The new Europe.
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