Introduction: 'Upon this rock I will build my church' / Paul Johnson -- The origins of the papacy, c. 33-440 / W.H.C. Frend -- Popes and emperors, 440-731 / R.A. Markus -- Reform and the papacy, 715-1085 / Uta-Renate Blumenthal -- Papal monarchy, 1085-1431 / Robert Swanson -- The Renaissance papacy, 1420-1565 / John W. O'Malley -- The Reformation -- and the counter-Reformation / A.H.T. Levi -- The emergence of the modern papacy, 1721-1878 / Sheridan Gilley -- The papacy in the twentieth century / Michael J. Walsh -- Afterword: Into the next millennium / Paul Johnson.
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