1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 SPECTRUM OF MICROBIAL THREATS -- The Global Burden of AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, 25 -- Emerging Infectious Diseases, 32 -- Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections, 32 -- Chronic Diseases with Infectious Etiology, 41 -- Microbes Intentionally Used for Harm, 46 -- 3 FACTORS IN EMERGENCE -- Microbial Adaptation and Change, 53 -- Human Susceptibility to Infection, 60 -- Climate and Weather, 64 -- Changing Ecosystems, 67 -- Economic Development and Land Use, 75 -- Human Demographics and Behavior, 78 -- Technology and Industry, 88 -- International Travel and Commerce, 97 -- Breakdown of Public Health Measures, 107 -- Poverty and Social Inequality, 121 -- War and Famine, 125 -- Lack of Political Will, 127 -- Intent to Harm, 130 -- A Case in Point: Influenza-We Are Unprepared, 136 -- 4 ADDRESSING THE THREATS: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Enhancing Global Response Capacity, 149 -- Improving Global Infectious Disease Surveillance, 154 -- Rebuilding Domestic Public Health Capacity, 159 -- Improving Domestic Surveillance Through Better Disease Reporting, 163 -- Exploring Innovative Systems of Surveillance, 170 -- Developing and Using Diagnostics, 174 -- Educating and Training the Microbial Threat Workforce, 181 -- Vaccine Development and Production, 184 -- Need for New Antimicrobial Drugs, 190 -- Inappropriate Use of Antimicrobials, 204 -- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Disease Control, 209 -- Comprehensive Infectious Disease Research Agenda, 220 -- Interdisciplinary Infectious Disease Centers, 222.
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